Can Europe defend itself without the United States?

European defence has rested on American capability for seventy years. The argument now is about how much of it Europe could replace, how quickly, and at what cost. Institutions differ on whether the gap is money, industrial capacity, or command and control.

Grouped by the country the institution sits in, because where it sits shapes what it concludes. Every title links to the institution's own page; nothing is reproduced here.